Electric Vehicle Charging 101

How to ‘fill up’ your EV

Electric Vehicles (EV) must be connected to an electrical system to charge. The amount of time it takes to charge your vehicle will depend on your charger and vehicle.

EV chargers are classified into three categories: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3/Direct Current Fast-Charging (DCFC). These chargers use different input voltages, Level 1 uses 110/120V, Level 2 uses 208/240V – both of which are available in residential homes. Level 3 DC fast chargers use between 200- and 600-volts DC, which requires the level of power available at commercial sites.

I. Types of Chargers

Level 1 Charging
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level 2 charger graphic

Level 1 charging is cost-efficient but slow – it uses a standard 120-V outlet that you see in your home. Most EV models come standard with a portable 120-volt cord-set that allows EV drivers to charge almost anywhere using any standard household outlet. This type of charging takes the longest but requires the least amount of effort to set up. These types of chargers are usually used in homes or as a backup charging solution while travelling.

Pros

Cons

  • Accessibility: Level 1 charging is the most accessible as it can be done through a standard household electrical outlet, requiring no specialized infrastructure.
  • Low Cost: Since it utilizes standard household outlets, the cost of setting up a Level 1 charging station is minimal, making it an economical choice for EV owners.
  • Versatility: Level 1 charging is widely available, allowing EV drivers to charge their vehicles wherever there is a standard electrical outlet, providing flexibility in charging locations.
Level 2 Charging
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level 2 charger graphic

Level 2 charging is the more practical charging solution for residential and commercial/ workplace settings. It offers higher power output than Level 1 chargers and most have additional functionality. Level 2 chargers typically charge at 30 km per hour, taking between 6-10 hours to fully charge a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and 4-8 hours to charge a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV).  

Pros

Cons

  • Faster Charging: Level 2 chargers provide faster charging compared to Level 1, reducing the time required to charge an electric vehicle significantly.
  • Widespread Availability: Level 2 charging infrastructure is more prevalent than Level 3, making it accessible at various public locations, workplaces, and some residential areas.
  • Versatility for Daily Use: Suitable for daily charging needs, Level 2 chargers strike a balance between speed and convenience, offering practical solutions for many EV owners. 
Level 3 Charging (DC Fast Chargers)
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level 3 charger graphic

DC fast chargers are currently the most powerful electric vehicle (EV) chargers available. They can fully charge an EV in under an hour, depending on factors like the vehicle's battery size and the charger's power capacity. Typically found at public charging stations, Level 3 chargers, or DC fast chargers, are strategically placed in areas where people spend short periods, such as restaurants, rest stops, and shopping centers. These locations are chosen due to the infrastructure demands of Level 3 chargers, which require significant upgrades because of their high-power requirements, making them more suitable for public installations than private ones.

Pros

Cons

  • Rapid Charging: Level 3 DCFC chargers provide high power levels, enabling fast charging times of under an hour for a full EV battery.
  • Convenience at Public Spaces: Typically located at public places like restaurants and shopping centers, Level 3 chargers make it convenient for drivers to charge their EVs while engaging in short activities.
  • Extended Range in Short Stops: Ideal for drivers on long trips, Level 3 chargers allow for quick top-ups during brief stops, extending the overall range of the EV.

II. Charging Considerations

1) Charging at Home

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If you live in a single-family home:

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Man charging EV at home

A Level 2 EV charger can add significant electrical load to your home, typically drawing up to 40 amps. A garage or private driveway makes installation easier, with an interior or exterior wall near where you park your vehicle being ideal.

A professional electrician or contractor will need to install the charger, adding a 240-volt circuit similar to the electrical connection used for a clothes dryer.

You may not always need to upgrade your electrical panel from 100 amps to 200 amps to charge an EV. Before making that investment, explore alternative solutions that may allow you to charge your EV without a costly electrical service upgrade. Our helpful guide explains your options.

You can also read our case study about an EV driver who explored different options, including an Energy Management System (EVEMS), and avoided a costly electrical service upgrade, significantly reducing the upfront cost of installing an EV charger.

Depending on where you live and which programs are available, you may be able to earn rewards for eligible home EV charging. Some programs share a portion of the value generated through Canada’s Clean Fuel Regulations with participating EV drivers.

If your licensed electrical contractor determines that you need to upgrade your electrical service to accommodate a Level 2 EV charger, please follow the steps in the Service Upgrades section of the Make a Service Request page to submit your request to Alectra Utilities.

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If you live in an apartment or condo:

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woman charging EVCharging requirements will vary from building to building based on the building policies and infrastructure. Alectra Utilities encourages prospective EV owners to work with their condo corporation or building manager to identify solutions to meet their EV charging needs before purchasing the EV. Provincial regulations provide a process for both owners and condominium corporations seeking to install EV charging stations. Additionally, each municipality may have different rules regarding new and existing multi-residential building requirements for EV chargers – see here for more information. 

If you are part of a condominium corporation, you can access information and resources on the Condominium Authority of Ontario (CAO) website.

2) Charging at Work
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Charging electric vehicles (EVs) at the workplace is increasingly viable for individuals facing limitations or inconveniences with residential charging. This is particularly beneficial for those residing in multi-unit residential buildings or having only on-street parking. Numerous employers in Ontario now provide charging stations, allowing their employees the convenience of charging their personal EVs while at work.

For information about installing an EV charger at your business, or to make a service request, please read the Electric Vehicle (EV) Connections section of the Make a Service Request page.

3) Charging on the go / Public Charging
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Charging “on the go” is becoming an increasingly viable option for EV drivers. A primary benefit associated with public EV charging stations is you are not paying for the purchasing or installation costs associated with the charger. You only pay for the electricity usage.  

You can use platforms like Alectra’s Public Charging Map (Charger Map), PlugShare, ChargeHub, and NRCan's Electric Charging and Alternative Fuelling Stations Locator to locate available EV chargers in your area. 

4) Bidirectional home charging
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Bidirectional charging (also known as Vehicle-to-Home or Vehicle-to-Grid) allows compatible EVs to both draw electricity from and send electricity back to your home. In Ontario, this emerging technology could allow EVs to act as a source of backup power or help manage household energy costs. As more compatible vehicles, chargers, and programs become available, homeowners may have new opportunities to use their EVs as energy resources.

Alectra’s V2X pilot is demonstrating how compatible electric school buses can not only draw electricity from the grid but also send stored energy back when needed. 

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III. Charging and your Alectra Utilities bill

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If you have an electric vehicle that you charge at home overnight, the Ultra-Low Overnight price plan may be best for you, because you’ll be able to take advantage of the very low-priced overnight period. 

Ultra Low Overnight Pricing 2025

ULO pricing is based on the day of the week and time of day electricity is used, but with an ultra-low overnight rate that encourages shifting high electricity-usage activities to the lower overnight demand periods. Visit Choose My Rate Option to help you make an informed choice about which electricity price plan is right for you and to submit a rate option selection form.

To get a clear picture of how switching to an EV will impact your electricity bill and the environment, try Alectra's EV Calculator. It provides a detailed breakdown of charging costs based on your driving habits and EV model, while also helping you understand the environmental benefits of shifting from gasoline to electric.

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Have questions? Email us at EV@AlectraUtilities.com

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